Poisson-Bolztmann Equation Module
The PBEQ module allows the setting up and the numerical solution of
the Poisson-Boltzmann equation on a discretized grid for a solute molecule.
Attention: Problems should be reported to
. Benoit Roux at Benoit.Roux@med.cornell.edu, phone (212) 746-6018
. Wonpil Im at Wonpil.Im@cornell.edu
. Dmitrii Beglov at beglovd@moldyn.com
* Menu:
* Syntax:: Syntax of the PBEQ commands
* Function:: Purpose of each of the commands
* Examples:: Usage examples of the PBEQ module
Syntax
[SYNTAX PBEQ functions]
Syntax:
PBEQ enter the PBEQ module
END exit the PBEQ module
Subcommands:
SOLVe PB-theory-specifications
solver-specifications grid-specifications
iteration-specifications charge interpolation-spec.
boundary potential-spec. dielectric boundary-spec.
physical variable-spec. membrane-specifications
spherical droplet-spec. orthorhombic box-spec.
cylinder-specifications solvation force-spec.
atoms-selection
ITERate PB-theory-specifications solver-specifications
iteration-specifications
ENPB [INTE atoms-selection]
CAPAcitance
COUNTERION
WRITE property [[CARD] [write-range]] [UNIT integer]
READ [PHI] [PHIX] [FKAP] [MIJ] [UNIT integer]
COOR coordinate-manipulation-command
SCALar scalar-manipulation-command
PBAVerage [PHI] [ATOM atom-selection] [UPDATE] [units]
grid-specifications
HELP
RESET
PB-theory-specifications::= [NONLinear] [PARTlinear]
default : linear PB by default (no need to specify)
NONLin [.FALSE.] : non-linear PBEQ solver
PARTlin [.FALSE.] : partially linearized PBEQ solver
solver-specifications::=[OLDPB]
[OSOR] [UNDER] [[FMGR] [NCYC integer] [NPRE integer] [NPOS integer]]
default : SOR (Successive OverRelaxation) method for linearized PB
OLDPB [.FALSE.] : old PBEQ solver (used in c26a2)
OSOR [.FALSE.] : optimization of the over-relaxation parameter
UNDER [.FALSE.] : Under-relaxation for non-linear and partially linearized
PBEQ solvers with fixed LAMBda value
FMGR [.FALSE.] : full multigrid method
NCYC [100] : maximum number of cycles (in FMGR)
NPRE [2] : number of relaxation for PRE-smoothing (in FMGR)
NPOS [2] : number of relaxation for POST-smoothing (in FMGR)
grid-specifications::= [NCEL integer] [DCEL real]
[NCLX integer] [NCLY integer] [NCLZ integer]
[XBCEN real] [YBCEN real] [ZBCEN real]
NCEL [65] : number of grid point in 1D for a cubic
DCEL [0.1] : size of grid unit cell
NCLX [NCEL] : number of grid point in X for general parallelepiped
NCLY [NCEL] : number of grid point in Y for general parallelepiped
NCLZ [NCEL] : number of grid point in Z for general parallelepiped
XBCEN [0.0] : the center of a box in X
YBCEN [0.0] : the center of a box in Y
ZBCEN [0.0] : the center of a box in Z
iteration-specifications::=[MAXIter integer] [DEPS real]
[DOMEga real] [LAMBda real] [KEEPphi]
MAXIter [2000] : number of iterations
DEPS [0.000002] : parameter (tolerance) of convergence
DOMEga [1.0] : initial mixing factor
LAMBda [1.0] : initial mixing factor (LAMBda = DOMEga)
KEEPphi [.FALSE.] : Use the potential from previous calculation
as a initial guess for current calculation
charge interpolation-spec.::= [BSPLine]
default : the trilinear interpolation method
BSPLine [.FALSE.] : the Cardinal B-spline method is used?
boundary potential-specifications::= [ZERO] [INTBP] [FOCUS] [PBC] [NPBC]
[NIMGB integer]
default : use the Debye-Huckel approximation at each boundary point
use XY periodic boundary conditions in membrane
calculation
INTBP [.FALSE.] : INTerpolation of Boundary Potential is used?
ZERO [.FALSE.] : boundary potential is set to ZERO ?
(metallic conductor boundary conditions)
FOCUS [.FALSE.] : previous potential is used to set up boundary potential?
PBC [.FALSE.] : 3d periodic boundary condition
NPBC [.FALSE.] : supress XY periodic boundary conditions in membrane
calculations
NIMGB [0] : use the image atoms for boundary potential
in membrane calculation
(NIMGB=1 means the 8 nearest image cells)
(NIMGB=2 means the 24 nearest image cells, i.e.,
2 shells of images)
dielectric boundary-specifications::= [SMOOTH] [SWIN real] [REEN]
default : the vdW surface is used for the dielectric boundary
SMOOth [.FALSE.] : invoke smoothing dielectric boundary
SWIN [0.5] : solute-solvent dielectric boundary Smoothing WINdow
REEN [.FALSE.] : the molecular (contact+reentrant) surface is created
with WATRadius for the dielectric boundary
physical variable-specifications::= [EPSW real] [EPSP real]
[WATR real] [IONR real]
[CONC real] [TEMP real]
EPSW [80.0] : bulk solvent dielectric constant
EPSP [1.0] : protein interior dielectric constant
WATR [0.0] : solvent probe radius
IONR [0.0] : ion exclusion radius (Stern layer)
CONC [0.0] : salt concentration [moles/liter]
TEMP [300.0] : Temperature [K]
membrane-specifications:: [TMEMb real] [HTMEmb real] [ZMEMb real] [EPSM real]
[EPSH real] [VMEMB real]
TMEMB [0.0] : thickness of membrane (along Z)
HTMEMB [0.0] : thickness of headgroup region
ZMEMB [0.0] : membrane position (along Z)
EPSM [1.0] : membrane dielectric constant
EPSH [EPSM] : membrane headgroup dielectric constant (optional)
VMEMB [0.0] : potential difference across membrane (entered in [volts])
spherical droplet-spec.::= [DROPlet real] [EPSD real]
[XDROplet real] [YDROplet real] [ZDROplet real]
[DTOM] [DKAP]
DROPlet [0.0] : radius of spherical droplet
EPSD [1.0] : dielectric constant of spherical droplet
XDROp [0.0] : position of spherical droplet in X
YDROp [0.0] : position of spherical droplet in Y
ZDROp [0.0] : position of spherical droplet in Z
DTOM [.FALSE.] : the dielectric constant of the overlapped region
with membrane is set to EPSM ?
DKAP [.FALSE.] : the Debye-Huckel factor inside sphere is set to KAPPA ?
orthorhombic box-spec.::= [LXMAx real] [LYMAx real] [LZMAx real]
[LXMIn real] [LYMIn real] [LZMIn real]
[BTOM] [BKAP]
LXMAx [0.0] : maximum position of a box along X-axis
LYMAx [0.0] : maximum position of a box along Y-axis
LZMAx [0.0] : maximum position of a box along Z-axis
LXMIn [0.0] : minimum position of a box along X-axis
LYMIn [0.0] : minimum position of a box along Y-axis
LZMIn [0.0] : minimum position of a box along Z-axis
EPSB [1.0] : dielectric constant inside box
BTOM [.FALSE.] : the dielectric constant of the overlapped region
with membrane is set to EPSM ?
BKAP [.FALSE.] : the Debye-Huckel factor inside box is set to KAPPA?
cylinder-specifications::= [RCYLN real] [HCYLN real] [EPSC real]
[XCYLN real] [YCYLN real] [ZCYLN real]
[CTOM] [CKAP]
RCYLN [0.0] : radius of cylinder
HCYLN [0.0] : height of cylinder
EPSC [1.0] : dielectric constant inside cylinder
XCYLN [0.0] : position of cylinder in X
YCYLN [0.0] : position of cylinder in Y
ZCYLN [0.0] : position of cylinder in Z
CTOM [.FALSE.] : the dielectric constant of the overlapped region
with membrane is set to EPSM ?
CKAP [.FALSE.] : the Debye-Huckel factor inside cylinder is set to KAPPA?
solvation force-spec.::= [FORCE] [STEN real] [NPBEQ integer]
FORCe [.FALSE.] : invoke solvation force calculation
STEN [0.0] : surface tension coefficient (in kcal/mol/A^2)
NPBEQ [1] : the frequency for calculating solvation forces
during minimizations and MD simulations
EPSU [-1] : unit to read given epsilon grid from
xval yval zval epsx epsy epsz
...
EPSG [-1] : unit to read given epsilon grid from
nx ny nz
xmin ymin zmin
dx dy dz
epsx epsy epsz
...
write-range::= [XFIRST real] [YFIRST real] [ZFIRST real]
[XLAST real] [YLAST real] [ZLAST real]
property::= [[PHI] [KCAL] [VOLTS]] [[PHIX] [KCAL] [VOLTS]]
[FKAPPA2]
[CHRG]
[EPSX] [EPSY] [EPSZ]
[MIJ]
[TITLE]
PHI : electrostatic potential [ KCAL/MOL ] [ VOLTS ]
(default [UNIT CHARGE]/[ANGS])
PHIX : external static electrostatic Potential [ KCAL/MOL ] [ VOLTS ]
(default [UNIT CHARGE]/[ANGS])
FKAPPA2 : Debye screening factor
CHRG : charges on the lattice
EPSX : X sets of dielectric constant
EPSY : Y sets of dielectric constant
EPSZ : Z sets of dielectric constant
MIJ : MIJ matrix
TITLE : formatted title line
atoms-selection::= a selection of a group of atoms
General discussion regarding the PBEQ module
1. SOLVE
Prepare grids and solve PB equation for the selected atoms and return the
electrostatic free energy in ?enpb = (1/2)*Sum Q_i PHI_i over the lattice.
The factor of 1/2 is there for the linear response free energy of charging.
The atomic contributions are returned in WMAIN (destroying the radii).
NOTE: At the first stage of PBEQ or after "RESET", WMAIN should be set to
the atomic radii for the calculation. After a call to SOLVE the atomic
radii are saved in a special array. The atomic contribution to the
electrostatic free energy are returned in WMAIN (destroying the radii).
To modify the value of the radii, the keyword RESET must be issued.
1) PB SOLVERs
(Reference: Klapper et al. Proteins 1, 47 (1986)
A. Nicholls et al; J. Comput. Chem, 12(4),435-445 (1991))
Currently, PBEQ module supports various PB equation solvers.
The default solver uses the SOR (Successive OverRelaxation) method for
the linearized PB equation.
This is much faster than the old PBEQ solver which was used in c26a2.
With OSOR keyword, the relaxation parameter will be optimized. This is
especially useful when the system contains a salt concentration.
Solvers for non-linear and partially linearized PB equations for
1:1 charge-paired salt are now available. Both use the SOR method as a
default. In many cases, the direct use of both solvers may cause some
convergence problems. So, it is the best way to use the potential from
the linearized PB equation as a initial guess. Though, you may want to
use the under-relaxation by adjusting the mixing factor (LAMBda).
The partially linearized PB equation means that the linearized form of
one of two exponential function is used like
phi > 0 --> exp(phi) = 1 + phi
phi < 0 --> exp(-phi) = 1 - phi
Full multigrid (FMG) method is efficient for the uniform dielectric
medium. When there is a discontinuity in the dielectric function,
the method could be slower than the SOR method. You can improve the
calculation speed using the smoothing dielectric boundary. Cubic grid
should be used and number of grid points should be 2**(n+1) where n is
a integer upto 9. Currently, FMG does not support MEMBRANE and PBC.
(see ~chmtest/c28/pbeqtest5.inp and pbeqtest6.inp)
2) Grid
The number of grid points in X, Y, and Z (NCEL,NCLX,NCLY,NCLZ) must
be odd. Otherwise, the number of grid points will be increased by ONE
without any WARNING message.
3) Iteration
The maximum number of iterations (MAXIter) can be specified.
The convergence parameters DEPS should not be modified.
One could use the potential from previous calculation as a initial
guess for current calculation using KEEPphi keyword. This is useful for
the nonlinear (or partially linearized) PB equation. See also ITERate.
4) Charge Distribution Method
The default is the trilinear method to distribute a charge over
nearest 8 grid points. BSPLINE keyword will invoke the 3rd-order
B-splines interpolation over nearest 27 grid points.
B-splines method removes discontinuities in the reaction field forces.
5) Boundary Potential
By default, boundary potential is calculated using the Debye-Huckel
approximation for every boundary point. However, the computational
time increases prohibitively as the number of grid points and of atoms
in the system increases.
INTBP keyword uses the bilinear interpolation to construct
boundary potential in a box with DCEL and (NCLx,NCLy,NCLz) from those
in the same box with 2*DCEL and (NCLx/2+1,NCLy/2+1,NCLz/2+1).
ZERO keyword sets boundary potential at the edge of the grid to zero.
FOCUS keyword uses previously calculated potentials to set up boundary
potential.
(Reference: M.K. Gilson et al; J. Comput. Chem. 9(4),327-335 (1987))
(see also an example below)
PBC keyword invokes the full 3d periodic boundary condition so that
no boundary potential is calculated directly using the Debye-Huckel
approximation.
(Reference: P.H. Hunenberger and J.A. McCammon JCP v.110(4) p.1856 (1999))
(alos, see ~chmtest/c28/pbeqtest4.inp)
NPBC keyword surpress XY periodic boundary conditions in membrane
calculations.
Boundary potential of XY plane in membrane calculations can be constructed
using the image atoms. When NIMGB=1, boundary potential includes the
influence of the 8 nearest image cells.
6) Dielectric boundary
SMOOTH and REEN change the attribute of the solute-solvent boundary.
By default (NO SMOOTH), the boundary is defined by the van der Waals
surface or the molecular surface (with WATR). SMOOTH keyword changes
the boundary as a region having +/- SWIN (Smoothing WINdow) from the
surface of the solute. Within the solute-solvent boundary,
the dielectric constant and the Debye screening factor will be changed
continuously from EPSP and zero to EPSW and the screening factor
at bulk solvent.
REEN keyword with WATR creates the molecular (contact+reentrant) surface
as the dielectric boundary.
NOTE: WATR without REEN just increases the atomic radii by it.
7) Various geometric objects
PBEQ module supports three geometric objects with various options
(see spherical droplet-, orthorhombic box-, and cylinder-spec. above)
When using more than one geometry at the same time, the order of creating
geometries is as follows: first is a droplet, second is a cylinder, and
the last is a box.
4) Solvation force
This keyword invokes the calculation of the solvation free energy and
forces and must be followed by SMOOTH keyword. The solvation energy is
taken as a sum of electrostatic and nonpolar solvation energy.
The former is calculated from the PB equation and the latter by using
the surface tension coefficient (STEN) that relates free energy with
surface area. Note that the calculated surface is approximately the
van der Waals surface. If membrane is considered, the surface of the
membrane is also approximately included. The corresponding forces are
also calculated and will be used in minimizations and MD simulations
where NPBEQ can be used to specify the frequency for calculating the
solvation forces. Note that SWIN must be equal or greater to DCEL to
get correct solvation free energy and forces.
(Reference: W. Im, D. Beglov and B. Roux
Continuum Solvation Model: computation of electrostatic
forces from numerical solutions to the PB equation,
Comput. Phys. Commun. 109,1-17 (1998))
NOTE:To print out the force of each atom, PRNLEV should be greater
than 6.
2. ITERATE
Pursue the iteration on the grid. SOLVE must have been called first.
The main difference with the keyword KEEPphi (see above) is that the
physical specifications (e.g., dielectric interface, membrane, etc...)
must remain the same with ITERate. However, it is possible to change
from linear to non-linear PB using ITERate. (see pbeqtest5.inp)
3. ENPB
Compute the electrostatic PB energy Sum Q_i PHI_i over the lattice.
Notice that the electrostatic energy is twice as much as the electrostatic
free energy (see above). The value of the electrostatic energy is passed
through the substitution parameter enpb. With INTE keyword, you can specify
the atoms of interest.
4. CAPACITANCE
Compute the capacitance based on the net induced charge in the double
layer. The induced charge beyond the limits of the box are estimated based on
the analytical solution to a planar membrane.
5. COUNTERION
Compute the counter-ion (1:1 salt) distribution along Z-axis.
6. WRITE
The WRITE command is used to write out the grid properties. By default,
a binary file of the property will be written for the whole grid. The keyword
CARD implies that a formatted output will be produced. In that case, the
spatial range can be specified for the output. By default, the electrostatic
potential PHI is given in [UNIT CHARGE]/[ANGS]. If specified, the PHI can be
given in [VOLTS] or in [KCAL/MOL].
7. READ
The READ command is used to read the electrostatic potential PHI or PHIX
in [UNIT CHARGE]/[ANGS], Debye screening factor FKAPPA2, and
the generalized reaction field MIJ matrix written in a binary file.
8. RESET
Resets all assignments of the PBEQ module and free the HEAP array.
Destroys all lists and grids. By default, the grids and arrays remain assigned
when exiting and re-entering the PBEQ module. This is to allow multiple call
to PBEQ without having to free the HEAP and other arrays if they are going
to be used again. The RESET keyword must be used to re-assign new values for
the atomic radii.
9. Miscellaneous command manipulations
*note misc: (miscom.doc) are supported within the PBEQ module,
allowing opening and closing of files, streaming of files, label assignments
(e.g., LABEL), and repeated loops (e.g., GOTO), parameter substitutions
(e.g., @1,@2, etc...) control (e.g., IF 1 eq 10.0 GOTO LOOP) and CALC
(e.g., CALC energy = ?enpb).
NOTE: TIMER 2 gives the times of various components in PBEQ module;
the grid parameter preparation (subroutine MAYER),
iterative solution (subroutine PBEQ1), and,
force calculation (subroutine RFORCE and BFORCE).
10. COORMAN and SCALAR commands
*note misc: (corman.doc) and (scalar.doc) are supported within
the PBEQ module, allowing the easy manipulation of charges, radii, rotation
and translations of molecules, etc...
11. A set of "ATOMIC BORN RADII"
Atomic radii derived from solvent electrostatic charge distribution may be
used. (test/data/radius.str) These radii were tested with free energy
perturbation with explicit solvent.
(Reference: M. Nina, D. Beglov and B. Roux.
Atomic Radii for Continuum Electrostatics Calculations based on
Molecular Dynamics Free Energy Simulations.
J. Phys. Chem. 101(26),5239-5248,1997).
NOTE: A typo for residue HSD was present in the original set of radii.
Check with M. Nina for new updated file.
To get the set of appropriate radii when using SWIN,
the commands are as follows;
STREAM RADIUS.STR
SCALAR WMAIN ADD {SWIN}
SCALAR WMAIN MULT {FACTOR}
SCALAR WMAIN SET 0.0 SELE TYPE H* END
The factor has a linear relationship with SWIN.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SWIN 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
FACTOR 0.979 0.965 0.952 0.939 0.927 0.914 0.901 0.888 0.875 0.861
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
** FACTOR = -0.1296 x SWIN + 0.9914 (a least-square fit)
12. PBAVerage subcommand
This subcommand allows for the averaging of the (precalculated) electrostatic
potential (PHI values) over specified regions of the grid. The region is
specified as a rectangular box, with or without an atom selection. The units
may be specified as KCAL (kcal/mol), VOLT (volts), or not at all, in which
case the default units (charge/angs) are used. The calculated average may
be assigned to a CHARMM parameter through the symbol ?AVPH. The PBAV PHI
subcommand does not calculate the PHI values themselves; hence the electro-
static potential should have already been calculated before this subcommand
is given.
The following calculates the average PHI value over a rectangular-box region
of the grid:
PBAV PHI KCAL xfirst [real] xlast [real] -
yfirst [real] ylast [real] -
zfirst [real] zlast [real]
The grid limits must be specified the first time the PBAV PHI subcommand is
invoked. For subsequent invocations, the command will use the stored limits
unless the limits are respecified.
The following calculates the average PHI values over the grid points that are
both within the grid limits and within the van der Waals radii of the selected
atoms:
PBAV PHI KCAL UPDAte xfirst [real] xlast [real] -
yfirst [real] ylast [real] -
zfirst [real] zlast [real] -
ATOM SELE [selection] END
The UPDAte keyword updates the atom-based grid, so that when the
PBAV PHI ATOM subcommand is given for the first time, the UPDATE keyword
must be used and an atom selection given. For subsequent invocations,
the atom selection (for defining the set of atoms over which the
calculation is to be done) and the UPDATE command (for updating the
grid, based on the position of the selected atoms) are optional.
If UPDATE is specified but the atom selection (or grid limits) are not,
the algorithm will use the atom selection (or grid limits) that were
last specified. If the PBAV PHI subcommand has not been
previously given, the grid limits must be specified.
Generalized Solvent Boundary Potential (GSBP)
GSBP is a boundary potential for simulating a reduced system while
incorporating implicitly the dominant electrostatic forces of the surrounding
atoms. It has been developed in the same spirit as the SBOUND and the SSBP,
see *note sbound:(sbound.doc) and ssbp:(mmfp.doc).
The current implementation of the method is described in W. IM, S. Berneche,
and B. Roux. J. Chem. Phys. (2000, in preparation). Briefly, the system is
partitioned in two regions: an inner region of interest and an outer region.
The inner region includes all atom explicitly.
GSBP represents the electrostatic forces from the outer region as the sum of
two components. One is the static external field (PHIX) which arises from
the charge distribution in the outer region (taking into consideration the
solvent as a featureless dielectric medium). The second contribution is
the reaction field which is created by the charge distribution inside the
inner region considering the whole molecular configuration and the dielectric
solvent. In the GSBP, the reaction field is calculated through a generalized
multipolar expansion of the instantaneous charge density in the inner system
coupled with a generalized reaction field matrix MIJ.
The numerical implementation of the GSBP can be divided into two parts;
SETUP and UPDATE parts. In the SETUP part, the static external field and the
MIJ matrix are calculated once and stored before a simulation. The SETUP part
mostly uses the PBEQ module. In UPDATE part, the energy and forces are
updated using the stored external field and the MIJ matrix in each step of
the molecular dynamics.
1. GSBP Syntax
GSBP is a subcommand inside PBEQ module like SOLVe and uses all options
(except solvation force-spec.) in SOLVe.
GSBP decomposition-spec. inner region-specifications
basis functions-spec. large box-specifications
cavity potential-spec. all options in SOLVE
decomposition-spec.::= [GTOT] [G_oo] [G_io] [G_ii]
GTOT [.FALSE.] : total electrostatic solvation free energy
G_oo [.FALSE.] : electrostatic solvation free energy in outer region
G_io [.FALSE.] : electrostatic free energy due to the interactions
between inner and outer regions
G_ii [.FALSE.] : electrostatic solvation free energy in inner region
inner region-specifications:: [ [RECTbox]
[XMAX real] [YMAX real] [YMAX real]
[XMIN real] [YMIN real] [YMIN real] ]
[ [SPHEre]
[SRDIst real]
[RRXCen real] [RRYCen real] [RRZCen real] ]
RECTbox [.FALSE.] : rectangular (box) inner region
XMAX [0.0] : maximum position of inner region along X-axis
YMAX [0.0] : maximum position of inner region along Y-axis
ZMAX [0.0] : maximum position of inner region along Z-axis
XMIN [0.0] : minimum position of inner region along X-axis
YMIN [0.0] : minimum position of inner region along Y-axis
ZMIN [0.0] : minimum position of inner region along Z-axis
SPHEre [.FALSE.] : spherical inner region
SRDIst [0.0] : radius of spherical inner region
RRXCen [0.0] : X position of spherical inner region
RRYCen [0.0] : Y position of spherical inner region
RRZCen [0.0] : Z position of spherical inner region
basis function-spec.:: [ [XNPOl integer] [YNPOl integer] [ZNPOl integer] ]
[NMPOl integer]
[MAXNpol integer] [NLISt integer] [NOSOrt]
[CGSCal real]
XNPOl [0] : number of Legendre polynomials in X direction
YNPOl [0] : number of Legendre polynomials in Y direction
ZNPOl [0] : number of Legendre polynomials in Z direction
NMPOl [0] : number of multipoles with spherical harmonics
MAXNpol [NTPOL] : maximum number of basis functions which are used in
the energy and forces calculations
NLISt [1] : updating frequency for the ordered list of basis
functions during molecular dynamics
NOSOrt [.FALSE.] : surpress the ordering of basis functions
CGSCale [1.0] : charge scaling factor for the monopole basis
function
large box-specifications:: [LBOX] [LDCEl real] [LNCEl integer] [FOCUS]
[LXBCen real] [LYBCen real] [LZBCen real]
LBOX [.FALSE.] : invoke large box calculation (see below)
LDCEL [4*DCEL] : grid spacing of large box
LNCEL [33] : number of grid point in 1D for a cubic large box
: this should be smaller than or equal to NCEL
LXBCEN [0.0] : the center of a large box in X
LYBCEN [0.0] : the center of a large box in Y
LZBCEN [0.0] : the center of a large box in Z
FOCUS [.FALSE.] : use the potential from a large box calculation for
the boundary potential in finer calculation
cavity potential spec ::= CAVI atom-selection [DRDI real] [DRCA real]
2. Free energy decomposition
The total electrostatic solvation energy is decomposed into G_oo, G_io, and
G_ii. All decomposition calculations are performed using the PB solver.
With G_io keyword we can calculate the static external field and save it using
WRITE PHIX. G_ii gives the exact reaction field energy with which we can
compare the basis-set reaction field energy.
3. Inner region & Basis functions
Currently, GSBP supports two shapes for the inner regions: an orthorhombic
rectangular box and a sphere. For the rectangular box, Legendre polynomials
are used as a basis-set. The number of function along each cartesian axis can
be specified using XNPOL, YNPOL, and ZNPOL. The resulting total number of
basis functions (NTPOL) is XNPOL*YNPOL*ZNPOL. For the spherical inner region,
spherical harmonics are used. The number of electric multipoles is specified
as NMPOL, and the resulting total number of basis functions (NTPOL) is
NMPOL*NMPOL (e.g., with NMPOL = 2 one is including the reaction field for the
monopole and dipole of the inner system).
The calculation of the MIJ matrix can be done in a single job but can also
be restarted. This is convenient since one does not always know how many basis
functions would yield accurate results. For example, one could calculate the
MIJ matrix with NMPOL=11 spherical harmonics. After comparing the result with
exact PB reaction field, one may decide to increase the number of multipoles
in NMPOL. This procedure is illustrated in the test case gsbptest1.inp.
The list of basis functions can be ordered and sorted such that the number of
multipole basis function used for the energy and force (MAXNpol) calculations
is reduced.
The focussing method with a large initial box and interpolating boundary
condition (INTBP) is a necessary procedure for computing the MIJ matrix
because the charge distribution corresponding to a given basis function
involves a large number of lattice point charges. All grid points inside the
inner region contain a partial charge assigned by a basis function.
Therefore, it would take a long time to set the boundary potential directly.
In practice, the charges density from a basis function are interpolated onto
a large (coarse) grid to reduce the number of grid-point charges which
increase the computational cost of setting up the boundary conditions.
In this case, the focussing method is much more useful because the boundary
potential can be obtained from the coarse grid calculation.
4. Cavity Potential
The GSBP cavity potential is a restrictive potential that keeps
water molecules from escaping the simulation region. Usually it is
applied only on the oxgen atom of the water molecules. The DRDI option
specifies the offset where the restrictive potential is placed
from the dielectic boundary for the spherical geometry.
The DRCA option gives the offset of the quartic potential (same form
as the one in MMFP module) for the orthorombic geometry.
Solvent Macromolecule Boundary Potential (SMBP)
The SMBP is a boundary potential that is analogous to the GSBP, yet
can be used in conjunction with ab-initio QM/MM setups. As, in contrast
to the GSBP, the PB equations have to be solved for every step, it is
targeted for use in geometry optimizations. The SMBP is especially useful
for higher-level QM/MM optimizations of MD snapshots obtained with the
GSBP using a lower-level QM/MM or pure MM setup. The original method is
described in T. Benighaus and W. Thiel, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 5, 3114 (2009).
The current implementation of the method is described in J. Zienau and
and Q. Cui (2012, in preparation). In the SMBP, the electrostatic
interactions between the QM part and all other entities (except for the
inner region MM charges) are handled via a surface charge projection approach,
where the virtual surface charges are situated on the boundary between
the inner and outer regions. As no GSBP type basis set is used, the SMBP
can be viewed as the basis set limit of the GSBP, although divergence
effects when atoms are close at the boundary can still occur even for very
large GSBP basis sets.
As in the GSBP the numerical implementation is divided into SETUP and
UPDATE parts; in the SETUP part, however, only the static external field is
calculated. The UPDATE part is fully analogous to the GSBP.
The SMBP has been interfaced with the Gaussian 09 and Q-Chem codes,
although the Q-Chem interface is currently NOT functional due to problems with
the ESP charge approach implemented in Q-Chem. Therefore, only Gaussian 09
can be used as ab-initio QM method with the SMBP at the present stage.
For benchmark purposes, an interface with the semi-empirical SCC-DFTB method
is provided as well.
IMPORTANT:
(i) It is necessary to source a radius file in the PBEQ module
for BOTH SETUP and UPDATE parts!
(ii) For SMBP/Q-Chem geometry optimizations (future implementation),
the jobtype in the qchem.inp file must be set to "SP" (single point)!
1. SMBP Syntax
SMBP is a subcommand inside PBEQ module like SOLVe and uses all options
(except solvation force-spec.) in SOLVe. It supports all inner region and
large box options of the GSBP. Special or additional options are described below.
SMBP decomposition-spec. inner region-specifications (GSBP and additional)
large box-specifications (GSBP) all options in SOLVE
decomposition-spec.::= [PHIX]
PHIX [.FALSE.] : calculate static outer potential
inner region-specifications:: [ RECTbox (all GSBP options)
[INCX real] [INCY real] [INCZ real] ]
[ SPHEre (all GSBP options)
[NSPT integer] [SPAL integer] ]
[ [IGUE integer] [QCCH integer]
[CGTH real] [CGMX integer] [SCTH real] [SCMX integer] ]
INCX [1.0] : Spacing of surface charges along X for RECTbox
INCY [1.0] : Spacing of surface charges along Y for RECTbox
INCZ [1.0] : Spacing of surface charges along Z for RECTbox
NSPT [90] : Number of surface charges for SPHEre
SPAL [2] : Algorithm for placing surface charges on SPHEre
"1" uses a distribution along circles
"2" uses a distribution along spirals (recommended)
IGUEss [1] : Initial guess for QM atomic charges
"1" uses charges from the previous step if possible
"2" uses zero guess charges always (not recommended)
QCCH [1] : atomic charge representation from QM calculation
(ab-initio only)
"1" uses ESP charges
(default for Gaussian09: Merz-Kollmann)
"2" uses "charges.dat" file from Q-Chem. By default
these are Mulliken, but both ESP and ChelpG charges
are available in Q-Chem using the $rem variables
"esp_charges = true" or "chelpg = true".
CGTH [1.e-6] : Numerical threshold for Conjugate Gradient (CG)
optimizer of the surface charges
CGMX [2000] : Maximum number of iterations for the CG optimizer
SCTH [5.e-4] : Numerical threshold for the Self Consistent
Reaction Field (SCRF) calculation
SCMX [50] : Maximum number of SCRF iterations
2. Free energy decomposition
This part is analogous to the GSBP G_io option, as only the static outer
field is calculated. The option is renamed to PHIX in the SMBP.
3. Inner region
The same geometric shapes as for the GSBP (sphere and box) are currently
supported. As a "perfectly even" distribution of points on a sphere does not
exist, two approximate surface charge distributions are implemented for the
spherical boundary. With a reasonable large number of charges (about 30 and
more), the difference between both algorithms was found to be negligible,
so that the default setting is recommended, as it allows for an arbitrary
number of charges to be specified. The default setting for the number of
charges NSPT (90) should be sufficient for most cases. For the rectangular
box shaped boundary, the NSPT and SPAL options are ignored, as the surface
charges are arranged on a rectangular grid on the box surface and their number
is calculated from the INCX, INCY, and INCZ values. The default settings are
recommended for the other options. If the SCRF calculation does not converge,
the SCRF threshold SCTH can be set to a (slightly) larger value.
Concerning the focussing method with interpolating boundary potential
condition, the same remarks as mentioned for the GSBP apply for the SMBP.
No cavity potential has been implemented for the SMBP, but, e.g., MMFP
constraints can be used.
Examples
This examples are meant to be a partial guide in setting up
an input file for PBEQ. There are two test files, pbeqtest1.inp,
pbeqtest2.inp, pbeqtest3.inp, and pbeqtest7.inp.
Example (1)
-----------
This example shows how to perform two PB calculations, one for a surrounding
dielectric of 80 (water) and one for a surrounding of 1.0 (vacuum). The
difference between the two energies then corresponds to the electrostatic
contribution to the solvation free energy. The salt concentration was zero
in this calculation.
PBEQ
scalar wmain = radius
SOLVE epsw 80.0 conc 0.0 ncel 30 dcel 0.4
set ener80 = ?ENPB
SOLVE epsw 1.0
set ener1 = ?ENPB
CALC total = @ener80 - @ener1
RESET
END
Example(2)
----------
This example shows how to use a set of atomic Born radii with a smoothing
window.
set sw 0.4
set factor 0.939
PBEQ
stream radius.str
scalar wmain add @sw
scalar wmain mult @factor
scalar wmain set 0.0 sele type H* end
scalar wmain show
SOLVE epsw 80.0 ncel 100 dcel 0.3 -
smooth swin @sw force sten 0.03 npbeq 1
RESET !! If you consider a minimization or dynamics with PB forces,
!! don't use RESET here.
END
Example(3)
----------
This example shows how to set up a membrane potential and how to get
the electrostatic contribution to the solvation free energy in the membrane
environment. Note that a non-zero concentration is required for a sensible
system with a membrane potential.
PBEQ
scalar wmain = radius
SOLVE epsw 80.0 ncel 150 dcel 0.5 conc 0.150 -
Tmemb 25.0 Zmemb 0.0 epsm 2.0 vmemb 0.100
set ener80 = ?ENPB
SOLVE epsw 1.0 conc 0.000 -
Tmemb 25.0 Zmemb 0.0 epsm 1.0 vmemb 0.000
set ener1 = ?ENPB
CALC total = @ener80 - @ener1
RESET
END
Example(4)
----------
This example shows how to set up boundary potentials using FOCUS keyword,
how to read the saved potential, and how to calculate the electrostatic
contribution to the solvation free energy using FOCUS.
PBEQ
scalar wmain = radius
SOLVE epsw 1.0 ncel 60 dcel 0.4
open write file unit 40 name phi.dat
write phi unit 40
SOLVE epsw 1.0 dcel 0.2 focus ! boundary potentials from DCEL 0.4 potentials
! NOTE: YOU CAN CHANGE NCEL IN THE FOCUSSED SYSTEM AS FOLLOWS;
! SOLVE epsw 1.0 ncel 80 dcel 0.2 focus
SOLVE epsw 1.0 dcel 0.1 focus ! boundary potentials from DCEL 0.2 potentials
open read file unit 41 name phi.dat
read phi unit 41
SOLVE epsw 1.0 dcel 0.1 focus ! boundary potentials from DCEL 0.4 potentials
RESET
END
PBEQ
scalar wmain = radius
SOLVE epsw 80.0 ncel 60 dcel 0.4
set ener81 = ?ENPB
SOLVE epsw 80.0 dcel 0.2 focus
set ener82 = ?ENPB
SOLVE epsw 80.0 dcel 0.1 focus
set ener83 = ?ENPB
SOLVE epsw 80.0 dcel 0.05 focus
set ener84 = ?ENPB
SOLVE epsw 1.0 dcel 0.4
set ener11 = ?ENPB
SOLVE epsw 1.0 dcel 0.2 focus
set ener12 = ?ENPB
SOLVE epsw 1.0 dcel 0.1 focus
set ener13 = ?ENPB
SOLVE epsw 1.0 dcel 0.05 focus
set ener14 = ?ENPB
calc total = @ener81 - @ener11
calc total = @ener82 - @ener12
calc total = @ener83 - @ener13
calc total = @ener84 - @ener14
SOLVE epsw 80.0 ncel 120 dcel 0.2
set ener80 = ?ENPB
SOLVE epsw 1.0
set ener1 = ?ENPB
calc total = @ener80 - @ener1
RESET
END
Example(5)
----------
This example shows pKa Poisson-Bolztmann calculations which
deals with explicit charge distribution on the ionizable site.
(see also ~chmtest/c28/pbeqtest7.inp)
! set residue for pKa calculation and the patch for the ionizable sidechain
set segid = syst
set resid = 2
set patch = GLUP
!Miscelaneous variables
set Dcel = 0.5 ! initial value for the mesh size in the finite-difference
set Ncel = 65 ! maximum number of grid points
set EpsP = 1.0 ! dielectric constant for the protein interior
set EpsW = 80.0 ! solvent dielectric constant
set Conc = 0.0 ! salt concentration
set Focus = Yes
!Note that the resid must be set before streaming into this file
scalar wcomp = charge
patch @patch @Segid @resid setup
hbuild !build any missing hydrogens
scalar wcomp store 1
scalar charge store 2
define SITE select .bygroup. ( resid @resid ) show end
define REST select .not. site end
! Charges of the unprotonated state
scalar wmain recall 1
scalar wmain show
scalar wmain stat select SITE end
! Charges of the protonated state
scalar wmain recall 2
scalar wmain show
scalar wmain stat select SITE end
! Estimate the grid dimensions
format (f15.5)
coor orient norotate
coor stat select all end
calc DcelX = ( ?Xmax - ?Xmin ) / @Ncel
calc DcelY = ( ?Ymax - ?Ymin ) / @Ncel
calc DcelZ = ( ?Zmax - ?Zmin ) / @Ncel
if @DcelX gt @Dcel set Dcel = @DcelX
if @DcelY gt @Dcel set Dcel = @DcelY
if @DcelZ gt @Dcel set Dcel = @DcelZ
coor stat select SITE end
set Xcen = ?xave
set Ycen = ?yave
set Zcen = ?zave
PBEQ
stream @0radii.str
scalar charge recall 2 ! Protonated charge distribution
SOLVE ncel @Ncel Dcel @Dcel EpsP @epsP EpsW @EpsW
if Focus eq yes -
SOLVE ncel @Ncel Dcel 0.25 EpsP @EpsP EpsW @EpsW focus -
XBcen @Xcen YBcen @Ycen ZBcen @Zcen
set EnerPs = ?enpb ! Protonated side chain in structure
SOLVE ncel @Ncel Dcel @Dcel EpsP @epsP EpsW @EpsW select SITE end
if Focus eq yes -
SOLVE ncel @Ncel Dcel 0.25 EpsP @EpsP EpsW @EpsW focus -
XBcen @Xcen YBcen @Ycen ZBcen @Zcen select SITE end
set EnerPi = ?enpb ! Protonated side chain isolated
scalar charge recall 1 ! Unprotonated charge distribution
SOLVE ncel @Ncel Dcel @Dcel EpsP @epsP EpsW @EpsW
if Focus eq yes -
SOLVE ncel @Ncel Dcel 0.25 EpsP @EpsP EpsW @EpsW focus -
XBcen @Xcen YBcen @Ycen ZBcen @Zcen
set EnerUs = ?enpb ! Unprotonated side chain in structure
SOLVE ncel @Ncel Dcel @Dcel EpsP @epsP EpsW @EpsW select SITE end
if Focus eq yes
SOLVE ncel @Ncel Dcel 0.25 EpsP @EpsP EpsW @EpsW focus -
XBcen @Xcen YBcen @Ycen ZBcen @Zcen select SITE end
set EnerUi = ?enpb ! Unprotonated side chain isolated
calc Energy = ( @EnerPs - @EnerUs ) - ( @EnerPi - @EnerUi )
calc pKa = -@Energy/( ?KBLZ * 300.0 ) * log10(exp(1)) != log10(exp(-@Energy/(?KBLZ*300)))
END
CHARMM Documentation / Rick_Venable@nih.gov